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Although collisions with container walls are elastic (i.e., there is no net energy gain or loss because of the collision), a gas particle does exert a force on the wall during the collision. The kinetic theory of gases indicates that gas particles are always in motion and are colliding with other particles and the walls of the container holding them.
733 MMHG TO ATM HOW TO
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Relate the general properties of gases to the kinetic theory.State the major concepts behind the kinetic theory of gases.Any understanding of the properties of gases must be able to explain these characteristics. Air, for example, is a solution of mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Combinations of gases tend to mix together spontaneously that is, they form solutions. Gases have extremely low densities, one-thousandth or less the density of a liquid or solid. They can compress and expand, sometimes to a great extent. Gases have no definite shape or volume they tend to fill whatever container they are in. Let us start by reviewing some properties of gases. In this chapter, we will review some of the common behaviors of gases. That is, it doesn’t matter if the gas is helium gas, oxygen gas, or sulfur vapors some of their behavior is predictable and, as we will find, very similar. The interesting thing about some of these properties is that they are independent of the identity of the gas. In fact, the study of the properties of gases was the beginning of the development of modern chemistry from its alchemical roots. Of the three basic phases of matter-solids, liquids, and gases-only one of them has predictable physical properties: gases. Today all airships use helium, a legacy of the Hindenburg disaster. In addition, the best source of helium at the time was the United States, which banned helium exports to pre–World War II Germany. Why, then, was helium not used in the Hindenburg? In the 1930s, helium was much more expensive. Helium gas is also lighter than air and has 92% of the lifting power of hydrogen. So although hydrogen is an obvious choice, it is also a dangerous choice. However, hydrogen also has one obvious drawback: it burns in air according to the well-known chemical equation 2H 2(g) + O 2(g) → 2H 2O(ℓ)
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This makes hydrogen an obvious choice for flying machines based on balloons-airships, dirigibles, and blimps.
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Any balloon filled with hydrogen gas will float in air if its mass is not too great. Thirty-six people, including one on the ground, were killed. The actual cause of the explosion is still unknown, but the entire volume of hydrogen gas used to float the airship, about 200,000 m 3, burned in less than a minute. Perhaps one of the most spectacular chemical reactions involving a gas occurred on May 6, 1937, when the German airship Hindenburg exploded on approach to the Naval Air Station in Lakehurst, New Jersey.